Peru runs from a narrow coastal desert in the west, through the Andes at the centre of the country, to the Amazon basin in the east, and each region operates on its own logic, its own altitude, and its own pace.
Lima anchors most journeys as the arrival point and a destination in its own right. Miraflores and Barranco hold the city’s strongest hotels and restaurants, and a single overnight rarely does either district justice.
Cusco, at 3,400 meters, was the seat of the Inca empire, and its historic centre still combines Inca stonework with Spanish colonial architecture in the same walls. It serves as the base for Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley, and three to four days here is closer to a minimum than a suggestion.
The Amazon is reached most easily from Puerto Maldonado, a short flight from Cusco that places river lodges within hours of the Andes. Iquitos, further north, opens onto the upper Amazon and is reachable only by air or river.
Peru operates on Peru Time (UTC-5) and uses the sol as currency. Spanish is the official language, though Quechua remains widely spoken across the Andes, and altitude is worth building into the first day or two of any itinerary that lands in Cusco directly from sea level.